Atabeyler Architectural Complex
Atabeyler architectural complex was built during the reign of the Atabeyler (Eldenizler) dynasty (1136-1225). Shamsaddin Eldaniz was the founder of the Atabeyler state. According to historical sources, Shamsaddin Eldaniz was of Kipchak origin. During his reign, Eldaniz could subdue a spacious territory between the Caucasus and Persian Gulf. The territory belonging to him stretched from the gate of Tiflis up to Mekran. He had possessed Azerbaijan, Arran, Shirvan, Djibal, Hamedan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Isfahan and Rei.
During the reign of the Atabeyler dynasty, a number of historical and architectural monuments were built in Azerbaijan, of which the monuments built in Nakhchivan by the architect Ajami Abubakr oghlu Nakhchivani are of particular importance:
Shah Palace (Eldanizler Palace) – did not survive to the modern day.
City Hall - did not survive to the modern day.
Juma Mosque - did not survive to the modern day.
Great Madrasa - did not survive to the modern day.
Double minaret arch – did not survive to the modern day.
Momine Khatun Mausoleum included in the Atabeyler architectural complex was built in the 12th century by the architect Ajami Abubakr oglu Nakhchivani. Shamsaddin Eldaniz, the founder of the Azerbaijan Atabaylar state, made a decision to erect a mausoleum on the grave of his wife Momine Khatun, and its construction was finished by Mahammad Jahan Pahlavan, the son of the ruler, in 582 AH, in the Maharram month (April, 1186).
Yusif ibn Kuseyr Mausoleum - The architectural monument in the city of Nakhchivan. This monument situated in the street of Sheykh Mahammad Khiyabani is also called as Atababa tomb or Atababa dome by people. The mausoleum of more than 8 centuries was restored in the middle of the 20th century. As a result of restoration works the destroyed parts of the tomb were restored and engineering installations were enforced. The monument consists, of the underground vault and overground tower formed part. In plan the overground of the monument is octagonal both inside and outside. The thickness of the walls is 80 cm. We see the only example of the double dome structure in the tomb being very great, saving its initial form and reaching to our time. It is the result of mastery engineering that Yusif ibn Kuseyr mausoleum is the only mausoleum having upper pyramidal cover and remaining undestroyed during 800 years among the tower formed mausoleums in Azerbaijan. The inscription on the tomb predicts that, “This tomb belongs to Yusif ibn Kuseyr, leader of sheikhs, beautiness of Islam, intellect of religion, distinguished chief and khaja”. The very inscription also predicts that the tomb was built in 557 by Hijri calendar, month of shavval (christianity 1162). But in the inscription to the left of the main façade the name of an architect “Deed of Ajami Abubakr oglu Nakhchivani, builder” was stated. Underground part of the mausoleum consists of a vault, but overground part of a memorial tower. In the middle of the vault dome a special ventilation space in a cylindrical form was arranged to defend from dampness. For its composition, tectonic clearness, proportionality of parts, level of engineering structure the tomb is a very advanced artistic-architectural example.
As a part of mausoleums of Nakhchivan, Atabeyler architectural complex was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in Need of Urgent Safeguarding on September 30, 1998.
Reference and hyperlink required.